Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia

The characterization of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera mrjp2 gene in Indonesia and the phylogeny relationship with mrjp family genes

2024-01-18T03:37:15+00:00

The major royal jelly protein 2 (mrjp2) gene is one of the molecular markers that can discriminate between Apis cerana Fabricius and A. mellifera Linnaeus. Due to the lack of mrjp2 gene sequences registered in GenBank for Indonesian A. cerana and A. mellifera, DNA characterization and bioinformatics analysis were needed. This research aimed to characterize the exon-intron organization of mrjp2 genes for both Indonesian bee species and analyze the phylogenetic relationship with other mrjp family genes. DNA samples of Apis cerana and A. mellifera, collected from Bogor, were amplified using MF-MR primer at annealing temperatures of 47 ^oC and 50 ^oC, respectively. The length of A. cerana and A. mellifera DNA sequences were 579 and 597 bp, respectively. The DNA sequences of both species were comprised of partial exons 1, introns 1, exons 2, introns 2, and partial exon 3. The number of putative amino acids of A. cerana and A. mellifera mrjp2 genes were 111 and 123, respectively. We confirmed that the partial MRJP2 putative amino acids of both honey bees belong to the MRJP family and contained the peptide signal in the 14 first amino acid sites. Nucleotide variation of the mrjp2 gene in A. cerana was higher than A. mellifera. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that A. cerana and A. mellifera form a monophyletic clade with the A. mellifera mrjp7 gene and another mrjp family gene clustered as reported in a previous study.

The effect of maize plants as a repellent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on chili plants

2023-10-30T03:02:34+00:00

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is crital pest of chili plants. Besides using chemical insecticides to control B. tabaci, the actions that can be taken for B. tabaci management include applying repellent compounds. This research aims to study the potential of various commercial corn varieties in producing repellent compounds for B. tabaci. The method used in this research involved testing the response of B. tabaci using a Y tube olfactometer and GCMS analysis on varieties P-21, Bisi-18, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 on a laboratory scale. Volatile compounds were collected from corn plants aged 3–10 weeks after planting (WAP). The results showed that Bisi-18, P-21, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 maize exhibited repellency against B. tabaci. The highest repellency for all corn varieties was observed at 10 WAP. The P-21 variety exhibited 80% repellency, followed by Pertiwi 3 and Bisi-18 with 78% repellency, while NK-212 showed the weakest repellencyat 60%. Results from volatile compounds identification of each maize varieties demonstrated revealed several compounds with repellent properties against B. tabaci, including 9-otadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, beta caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol. Using maize plants to manage B. tabaci has the potential to be an environmentally friendly management technique. Further research is needed on B. tabaci management technique to achieve a more effective and efficient combination.

Pengaruh pemberian sampah organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan astaxanthin pada pupa black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus))

2024-01-03T06:11:33+00:00

Black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)) or BSF are insects that process organic waste, with larvae rich in nutrients and potential as an alternative protein source for food and feed. Astaxanthin, an antioxidant found in plants, algae, and crustaceans, is also assumed to be present in insects like BSF. This study examined the impact of feeding different organic wastes on BSF larval growth and astaxanthin content in its pupae. The experimental design involved four treatments: fruit and vegetable scraps (BS), tofu pulp (AT), rice leftovers (N), and a mix of fruit and vegetable scraps, tofu pulp and rice left-over (C), with animal feed T51 as control. Each treatment was repeated three times. Growth parameters of BSF such as weight, length, and larval characteristics, along with the chemical content of pupae, including astaxanthin, were measured. Pupae were extracted using a triphasic maceration method with n-heptane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, butanol-l, and distilled water. Compound identification was done using terpenoid qualitative tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The findings revealed that fruit and vegetable scraps (BS) significantly increased larval body size, with a weight of 0.09 ± 0.04 grams/larvae and a length of 1.49 ± 0.31 cm/larvae. LC-MS analysis detected lutein derivatives, anisodamine, resveratrol derivatives, dehydroarginine, and astaxanthin derivatives with a molecular mass of 597.23 m/z in BSF larvae fed on fruit and vegetable scraps.

Survival and development of Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cocoa bean and cocoa powder

2023-12-11T05:27:08+00:00

The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker) is a notable stored product pest which can cause detrimental loss on stored cocoa. Cocoa can be stored in bean and powder forms. The information about survival and development of C. cautella on stored cocoa is limited. This research aimed to determine the effect of cocoa powder and cocoa bean in the storage against the survival and development of C. cautella. This research was conducted in Plant Pests Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. This research consisted of two treatments namely cocoa bean and cocoa powder with no choice method and repeated six times. The observed variables were number of larvae, pupae, male and female almond moth of F1 progeny, and developmental time of this insect. The t-test analysis was applied to determine the treatment effect. Results showed that the number of larvae, pupae, adult males and females of F1 progeny cultured on cocoa powder were significantly higher than on cocoa bean. The total developmental time and life cycle of almond moth were shorter on cocoa powder than on cocoa bean. Therefore, to store cocoa in powder form is riskier to the almond moth infestation rather than in bean form. Hence, it is suggested to take more concern on the cocoa powder storage better in order to minimize the almond moth infestation.

Cendawan entomopatogen sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis

2023-01-20T01:38:10+00:00

IInsect pathologists’ attention to the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as inducers of plant resistance has increased in recent years. Several types of EPF that have received attention as biocontrol agents for insect pest populations include Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma sp. because they are able to infect and kill insects directly, has a wide host range, and has been used to control various types of insect pests. Apart from being able to infect and kill insect pests, EPF can also live endophytically in plant tissue and increase plant resistance to pest attacks. The presence of EPF as endophytes is able to induce plant resistance by stimulating an increase phytohormones production. In this article, we reviewed the role of fungi as entomopathogens, the characteristics of entomopathogenic fungi, and their role as inducers of plant resistance. The review was carried out by collecting information from original articles and related reports which reviewed the results of research on the role of entomopathogenic fungi as plant resistance inducers by including the keywords entomopathogenic endophytic fungi, resistance induction, characterization, systemic resistance and herbivorous insects. This systematic review concludes that EPF as an inducer of plant resistance is a very promising control alternative in the development of plant protection management against insect pests.